Antibiotic resistance significantly limits treatment options and can have serious consequences for patient outcomes. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, infections become more difficult to treat and may not respond to standard therapies.

This can lead to prolonged illnesses, increased risk of complications, and in some cases, treatment failure. Patients with antibiotic-resistant infections may require more aggressive treatments, such as stronger antibiotics or combinations of drugs, which can be less effective, more toxic, and more expensive. Delayed or ineffective treatment increases the risk of complications, hospital re-admissions, and mortality rates.

Furthermore, antibiotic resistance undermines the effectiveness of routine medical procedures such as surgery, chemotherapy, and organ transplants, where infection prevention is crucial. Infections caused by resistant bacteria can result in longer hospital stays, higher healthcare costs, and poorer long-term outcomes for patients.